This bandwidth support allows for 20 Gbps data transfer rates when both data pin pairs are used as specified in the USB 3.2 2x2 standard as well as data transfer up to 40 Gbps as specified in the USB4 standard announced by USB-IF in August 2019. Lastly, USB Type C connectors support 10 Gbps of data transfer through each of two data pin pairs. Although a USB Type C connector is designed to support the USB PD standard, the device’s host controller and cable must also be configured to support the standard. Just as USB Type C and USB 3.2 are two separately defined standards, it is important to note that USB Type C and USB PD exhibit the same relationship. USB Power Delivery (PD) specifications provide information regarding the implementation of the higher levels of power delivery available through USB Type C connectors. The USB PD 3.1 standard, released in 2021, has since expanded that power transfer capability up to 240 W. In addition to the higher current rating, USB Type C connectors are also rated up to 20 V between the power and ground pins, allowing for 100 W of power transfer. There are four power and ground contacts each in a USB Type C connector making it able to aggregately carry 5 A of current. Whereas USB Type A and Type B connectors each specify four or five conductors, USB Type C connectors employ 24 contacts and carry an increased durability rating up to 10,000 insertion and extraction cycles, compared to 1,500 mating cycles for standard USB Type A connectors. Comparing conductors in USB Type A, B, and C connectors In addition the plugs and receptacles can be connected either right-side up or up-side down, allowing for faster and easier insertion of plugs into receptacles. The reduced size of USB Type C plugs and receptacles allows for use in a wider range of applications where space would have been an issue. Enhancements include a smaller package size, more conductors, higher voltage ratings, higher current ratings and greater signal bandwidths. The USB Type C connector has been designed to provide a number of advantages when compared to previous generations. In these configurations no damage will result to the systems, but proper power and data transfer will occur upon the systems negotiating common communications and power configurations. It should be noted that USB standards also allow for transmitting legacy (pre-USB 3.2 Gen 2) USB signaling configurations using USB Type C connectors and cables. This implementation benefits from the wide availability and inexpensive cost of USB Type C connectors and cables, but puts the user at risk of connecting the non-conforming proprietary system to a system conforming to the USB 3.2 standard and damaging one or both of the systems. In a similar fashion a USB Type C connector can be used to transmit and receive signals not conforming to USB signal standards. A product designer can implement such a configuration using the USB 3.2 signal standard and their own proprietary connectors, if they want to keep the system isolated from other systems or to ensure that proprietary hardware is being used. While most system designers will choose to communicate USB 3.2 signals through USB Type C connectors and cables, it is possible to transmit and receive USB 3.2 Gen 1, Gen 2, and Gen 2x2 compliant signals through a connector which does not conform to the USB Type C specification. The USB Type C standard defines only the physical connector while the USB 3.2 standard applies only to the electrical signal. Misconceptions Between USB Type C and USB 3.2Ĭonfusion often arises when discussing the relationship between USB Type C connectors and say for example USB 3.2 Gen 2 (previously USB 3.1 Gen 2). *Previously known as USB 3.1 Gen 1 and USB 3.0
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